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Table 3 Summary of evidence for associations between domains of the built environment and weight outcome

From: Associations between the built environment and obesity: an umbrella review

Domain

Associations with weight (if domain is higher)

Strength of evidence*

Urbanicity

Lower weight in HIC and higher weight in LIMC

Low

Food environment

Overall null

Very low

 Fastfood

Some evidence for higher weight

Low

Physical activity environment

Overall inconsistent

Low

 Walkability

Lower weight

Low

 Greenness

Lower weight

Low

 Transport

Inconsistent

Very low

 Sports facilities

No systematic reviews found

–

 Motorised transport

No systematic reviews found

–

Social inequality

Confounder at both individual and neighbourhood level

Moderate

Air pollution

Inconsistent

Very low

  1. *Strength of evidence is composed based on GRADE framework (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) [67]