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(a) Overall malaria incidence
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Overall adjusted malaria incidence for Ifanadiana should be similar to overall malaria incidence in populations with optimal health care access in the district, to avoid under- or overestimation
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Ratio of adjusted malaria estimates to malaria in optimal access areas between 0.7 and 1.3
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(b) Distance decay
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Adjusted malaria incidence estimates should remove the distance decay observed in unadjusted malaria incidence, to limit bias due to geographic access to health care
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Ratio of incidence less than 5 km from a health center to incidence greater than 5 km away 0.7–1.3
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(c) Financial access
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Differences in adjusted malaria incidence between health centers according to fee-exemption status should be minimal, to limit bias due to financial access to health care
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Ratio of fee-exemption to no fee-exemption in adjusted malaria estimates between 0.7 and 1.3
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((d) Geographic heterogeneity
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The geographic distribution of adjusted malaria incidence should be similar to the geographic distribution of fever reported in the IHOPE cohort study during the high transmission season
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Percent of hotspot cluster area overlap between the two datasets during high malaria transmission season (SaTScan)
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