Exploring factors affecting individual GPS-based activity space and how researcher-defined food environments represent activity space, exposure and use of food outlets

Table 3 Differences in AS according to participants’ characteristics

Characteristics	n	Mean Rank	U	z	p-value
Mann–Whitney U test
Gender
Female	47	34	375	− 0.7	0.482
Male	18	30
Employment status
Full-time	51	34	290	− 1.07	0.285
Part-time	14	28
Work shift
No	54	34	214	− 1.45	0.146
Yes	11	26
Working hours
≤ 8 h	51	31	444	1.39	0.165
> 8 h	14	39
Transport mode from home to workplace
Active	15	22	539	2.55	0.011*
Motorised	50	36

Characteristics	n	Mean Rank	χ²	df	p-value
Kruskal–Wallis Test
Age group (years)
18–20	11	19	18.77	4	0.001
21–30	12	25
31–40	16	36
41–50	16	48
> 50	10	30
IMD quintile
1	5	37	6.7	4	0.152
2	19	25
3	15	31
4	10	36
5	16	41

ISSN: 1476-072X