Park environment and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in parks among adolescents in a high-density city: the moderating role of neighbourhood income

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of covariates, park environment, neighbourhood income, and park-based MVPA among adolescents (n = 2397)

Variables	n (%) or M (SD)
Covariates
Gender
Girls	396 (16.5%)
Boys	2001 (83.5%)
Time periods
Morning	119 (5.0%)
Noon	348 (14.5%)
Afternoon	744 (31.0%)
Evening	1186 (49.5%)
Day types
Weekdays	885 (36.9%)
Weekend days	1512 (63.1%)
Formality of physical activity
Individual	169 (7.1%)
Informal group activities	2212 (92.2%)
Formally organized events	16 (0.7%)
Supervision in physical activity
No supervision	2058 (85.9%)
Teachers/coaches	290 (12.1%)
Parents/guardians/caregivers	49 (12.0%)
Temperature (℃)	24.56 (4.76)
Neighbourhood quality ^a	8.07 (1.08)
Walkability	− 0.23 (1.29)
Park size (ha)	8.58 (7.19)
Park environmental characteristics^b
Diversity of active facilities	7.74 (2.57)
Quality of supporting amenities	7.15 (1.34)
Park safety	3.85 (0.84)
Park aesthetics	2.96 (1.61)
Greenness (%)	57.86 (21.33)
Neighbourhood income (HK$ 10 K)	2.50 (0.84)
Park-based MVPA (METs per observation)	15.86 (19.48)

HK$ Hong Kong dollar, ha hectare, MET metabolic equivalent, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, M mean, SD standard deviation, ℃ Degree Celsius
^aThe scores of neighbourhood quality ranged from 0 to 16
^bThe scores of the diversity of active facilities ranged from 0 to 16, the scores of the quality of supporting amenities ranged from 0 to 20, the scores of park safety ranged from 0 to 7, the scores of park aesthetics ranged from 0 to 7

ISSN: 1476-072X