Differences in depressive symptoms by rurality in Japan: a cross-sectional multilevel study using different aggregation units of municipalities and neighborhoods (JAGES)

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of community social capital (civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity) by rurality

	Number of school districts	Civic participation^a		Social cohesion^a		Reciprocity^a
	Number of school districts	Mean	(SD)	Mean	(SD)	Mean	(SD)
Population density (municipality-level rurality)
Highest	394	0.86	(0.16)	1.56	(0.15)	1.97	(0.049)
High	259	0.81	(0.15)	1.53	(0.15)	1.96	(0.051)
Middle	87	0.82	(0.13)	1.63	(0.11)	2.00	(0.023)
Low	116	0.72	(0.15)	1.63	(0.12)	1.99	(0.038)
Lowest	81	0.60	(0.16)	1.67	(0.12)	1.99	(0.033)
Time to reach the DID (neighborhood-level rurality)
Shortest	349	0.81	(0.16)	1.52	(0.15)	1.96	(0.051)
Short	125	0.84	(0.14)	1.59	(0.12)	1.98	(0.038)
Middle	185	0.83	(0.16)	1.58	(0.15)	1.98	(0.051)
Long	140	0.80	(0.18)	1.61	(0.12)	1.99	(0.034)
Longest	138	0.72	(0.21)	1.68	(0.13)	1.99	(0.037)

ISSN: 1476-072X