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Table 2 Descriptive statistics of community social capital (civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity) by rurality

From: Differences in depressive symptoms by rurality in Japan: a cross-sectional multilevel study using different aggregation units of municipalities and neighborhoods (JAGES)

 

Number of school districts

Civic participationa

Social cohesiona

Reciprocitya

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Population density (municipality-level rurality)

       

 Highest

394

0.86

(0.16)

1.56

(0.15)

1.97

(0.049)

 High

259

0.81

(0.15)

1.53

(0.15)

1.96

(0.051)

 Middle

87

0.82

(0.13)

1.63

(0.11)

2.00

(0.023)

 Low

116

0.72

(0.15)

1.63

(0.12)

1.99

(0.038)

 Lowest

81

0.60

(0.16)

1.67

(0.12)

1.99

(0.033)

Time to reach the DID (neighborhood-level rurality)

       

 Shortest

349

0.81

(0.16)

1.52

(0.15)

1.96

(0.051)

 Short

125

0.84

(0.14)

1.59

(0.12)

1.98

(0.038)

 Middle

185

0.83

(0.16)

1.58

(0.15)

1.98

(0.051)

 Long

140

0.80

(0.18)

1.61

(0.12)

1.99

(0.034)

 Longest

138

0.72

(0.21)

1.68

(0.13)

1.99

(0.037)

  1. SD standard deviation
  2. aEvaluated in school districts. Unstandardized value