A machine learning approach to small area estimation: predicting the health, housing and well-being of the population of Netherlands

Table 7 Comparison of models by MSE over all living quality ratings

Indicator	Nullmodel	XGB_xy	XGB_ogc	STAR	Corr	Pred	Time
Afraid_ngbh	0.7266	0.6667	0.6655	0.6676	0.88	0.31	99.1
Social_cohesion	2.8648	2.5505	2.5474	2.5615	0.91	0.55	99.03
Satisfied_region	0.4222	0.4018	0.4001	0.3995	0.83	− 0.15	99.11
Annoyed_w_ngbh	0.5648	0.5180	0.5182	0.5203	0.88	0.4	99.24
Attached_to_ngbh	1.1237	1.0079	1.0082	1.0173	0.88	0.89	98.97
Satisfied_house	0.6503	0.5386	0.5389	0.5458	0.91	1.26	99.2
Satisfied_surroundings	0.6608	0.6056	0.6046	0.6054	0.89	0.13	99.01
At_home_in_ngbh	0.6382	0.6011	0.6009	0.6047	0.85	0.63	99.09

ISSN: 1476-072X