Table 1 Notations and descriptions of the six categories of neighborhood-level variables

(1) Race and ethnicity

 % White

Percentage of population in White

 % Black

Percentage of population in Black or African American

 % Ame Indi and AK Native

Percentage of population in American Indian and Alaska Native

 % Asian

Percentage of population in Asian

 % Nati Hawa and Paci Island

Percentage of population in Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander

 % Hispanic or Latino

Percentage of Hispanic or Latino population

(2) Gender, marital status, and age

 % male

Percentage of male population

 % married

Percentage of married population age 15 or over

 % age 18–29

Percentage of population between age 18 to 29

 % age 30–39

Percentage of population between age 30 to 39

 % age 40–49

Percentage of population between age 40 to 49

 % age 50–59

Percentage of population between age 50 to 59

 % age ≥60

Percentage of population equal and over age 60

(3) Education

 % < highschool

Percentage of population age 25 or over without high school completion

 % ≥highschool < university

Percentage of population age 25 or over with high school completion and without bachelor degree

 %≥ university

Percentage of population age 25 or over with bachelor degree or higher degree

(4) Economic status

 Med income

Median household income

 % unemployment

Percentage of unemployed labor force population age 16 or over

 % below poverty line

Percentage of population below poverty line

 % food stamp/SNAP

Percentage of households received food stamp/supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP) in the past 12 months

(5) Housing condition

 Median value units built

Median value of the house units built (in dollars)

 Median year units built

Median year of the house units built

 % renter-occupied housing units

Percentage of renter-occupied housing units

(6) Urbanicity

 Population density

Population density (people per square kilometer)