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Table 1 Effects of climate change on human health (examples)

From: Geospatial techniques for monitoring and mitigating climate change and its effects on human health

Climate change aspect (exposures and pathways)

Human health impact (examples of increased adverse health outcomes and diseases)

Severe weather factors

Injuries, fatalities and negative mental health impacts (e.g., [3])

Extreme heat

Heat-related illness and death (e.g., [4, 5]), cardiovascular disease and failure (e.g., [6,7,8]), kidney disease (e.g., [9]) and adverse reproductive effects (e.g., [10])

Environmental degradation

Forced migration, civil conflict and negative mental health impacts (e.g., [3])

Air pollution and increasing allergens

Respiratory allergies, asthma (e.g., [11]), cardiovascular disease (e.g., [8]) and neurological conditions (e.g., [12])

Water and food supply impacts (e.g., [13]), including water quality issues

Malnutrition (e.g., [14]), diarrhoeal disease, cholera [15], cryptosporidiosis, campylobacter (e.g., [13]), leptospirosis and harmful algal blooms

Changes in disease vector ecology

Malaria (e.g., [16, 17], dengue (e.g., [18]), encephalitis, hantavirus, Rift Valley fever, Lyme disease, chikungunya and West Nile virus (e.g., [19])