Fig. 5

The distribution of detour distances (%) of the exposure-optimal routes compared to the shortest routes for all bike-sharing system origin–destination pairs. On the left, the charts show the distribution for non-trip-weighted routes, in the middle, the distribution for the trip-weighted routes is shown, and on the right, the improvements in average route exposures are plotted against the proportional detour distances. The bars display the detour distance distribution of all alternative exposure routes without any distance threshold, while the black dotted lines display the 15% detour distance threshold that we used in the comparative analyses in this study