Table 3 Regression model’s standardized coefficients with 95% confidence interval and variance inflation factor (VIF)

Sociodemografic

Population density

0.580 (0.501–0.659)

VIF = 1.450

0.541 (0.458–0.624)

VIF = 1.544

0.498 (0.400–0.597)

VIF = 2.653

0.487 (0.402–0.573)

VIF = 2.486

0.349 (0.248–0.450)

VIF = 2.930

0.393 (0.299–0.487)

VIF = 2.511

Average household size

0.170 (0.098–0.242)

VIF = 1.198

0.186 (0.107–0.266)

VIF = 1.416)

0.268 (0.196–0.340)

VIF = 1.424

0.352 (0.280–0.424)

VIF = 1.764

Urbanization rate

0.128 (0.043–0.212)

VIF = 1.579

0.209 (0.128–0.290)

VIF = 1.885

0.133 (0.051–0.214)

VIF = 1.864

Students enrolled pre-school

 − 0.144 (− 0.227 to − 0.060)

VIF = 1.918

Students enrolled 2nd cycle

 − 0.133 (− 0.213 to − 0.052)

VIF = 1.487

 − 0.164 (− 0.248 to − 0.080)

VIF = 1.571

 − 0.236 (− 0.314 to − 0.159)

VIF = 2.054

 − 0.144 (− 0.239 to − 0.048)

VIF = 2.616

Students enrolled in higher education

0.254 (0.181–0.328)

VIF = 1.239)

0.122 (0.045–0.200)

VIF = 1.642

0.081 (0.005–0.157)

VIF = 1.945

Age

Population aged 0–15

0.227 (0.119–0.336)

VIF = 3.355

Mobility

Population commuting by public transport

0.090 (0.017–0.163)

VIF = 1.467

0.130 (0.047–0.213)

VIF = 1.985

0.209 (0.130–0.289)

VIF = 1.799

Population working/studying outside parish

0.178 (0.105–0.251)

VIF = 1.199

0.148 (0.074–0.222)

VIF = 1.867

0.251 (0.176–0.326)

VIF = 1.622

0.198 (0.133–0.263)

VIF = 1.207

Population working/studying outside municipality

 − 0.137 (− 0.218 to 0.057)

VIF = 1.776

 − 0.174 (− 0.260 to − 0.087)

VIF = 2.562

Average time duration of commuting

0.154 (0.076–0.231)

VIF = 2.043

0.029 (-0.055–0.113)

VIF = 2.025

Economic

Declared income

0.168 (0.069–0.267)

VIF = 2.819

0.246 (0.151–0.341)

VIF = 2.548

Housing expenses

0.105 (0.036–0.174)

VIF = 1.606

0.104 (0.030–0.179)

VIF = 1.583

0.141 (0.070–0.211)

VIF = 1.423

Owner occupied housing

 − 0.277 (− 0.368 to − 0.186)

VIF = 2.282

 − 0.203 (− 0.286 to − 0.119)

VIF = 2.377

LQ textile industry

0.118 (0.044–0.192)

VIF = 1.210

0.142 (0.081–0.203)

VIF = 1.271

0.072 (0.008–0.136)

VIF = 1.192

LQ vehicle trade and repair

0.080 (0.016–0.143)

VIF = 1.157

LQ storage and auxiliary transport activities

0.154 (0.080–0.228)

VIF = 1.269

0.165 (0.088–0.242)

VIF = 1.314

0.170 (0.100–0.239)

VIF = 1.321

0.138 (0.072–0.203)

VIF = 1.471

0.081 (0.007–0.155)

VIF = 1.553

LQ electrical equipment manufacturing

0.172 (0.103–0.241)

VIF = 1.108

0.130 (0.060–0.200)

VIF = 1.101

LQ hospitality and restaurants

 − 0.088 (− 0.157 to − 0.019)

VIF = 1.312